Details.
Surgical removal of the entire bladder. For men, the procedure also involves removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles. For women, it often involves removal of the uterus, ovaries and part of the vagina, although sexual organs may be spared where this does not compromise cancer outcomes. The procedure includes removal of part of the urethra and pelvic lymph nodes, and creation of a urinary diversion. Available approaches include open, minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Preparation may include physical examination, pathology tests, urine analysis, scans and relevant specialist consultations. Patients are advised not to eat for six hours before surgery. Recovery includes monitoring, pain relief, blood clot prevention, physiotherapy, stoma nurse support, dietary progression and follow-up care.
