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A fertility treatment used alongside IVF, involving the injection of a single sperm directly into each mature egg collected. The fertilised egg may then be transferred into the uterus or frozen. ICSI may be appropriate when sperm count is low, sperm movement or quality is abnormal, sperm has been retrieved from the epididymis, testicles or urine, by electro ejaculation, or after a previous IVF attempt with failed or low fertilisation. The decision may be confirmed on the day of egg collection, and some eggs may instead be inseminated conventionally if sperm quality is borderline.