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Corneal transplant surgery, also known as corneal grafting or keratoplasty, replaces a damaged, scarred or diseased cornea with healthy donor tissue. It may suit advanced keratoconus, corneal scarring from injury or infection, Fuchs’ dystrophy, corneal swelling that does not respond to other treatments, failed previous grafts or bullous keratopathy. The procedure involves removing damaged corneal tissue and fitting donor tissue, with options including full-thickness transplantation and partial-thickness procedures such as DSAEK and DMEK. Preparation may include eye examinations, corneal measurements, blood tests, medical review, fasting for 6 hours and arranging a driver. Surgery takes 1 to 2 hours and recovery includes prescribed antibiotic and steroid eye drops, follow-up checks and restrictions on rubbing, swimming, heavy lifting, dusty areas and contact sports. Full vision stabilisation may take 6 to 18 months, with lifelong monitoring.
